Ziya zisanda iindidi zemikroskopu, kwaye umda wokujongwa ubanzi kwaye ubanzi. Xa sithetha nje, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimicroscopes zamehlo kunye ne-electron microscopes. Eyangaphambili isebenzisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo njengomthombo wokukhanya, kwaye le yokugqibela isebenzisa imiqadi ye-electron njengomthombo wokukhanya. Iimicroscopes zamehlo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo ngokwesakhiwo sazo, indlela yokujonga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Kule nqaku, siya kubahlula kwiintlobo ze-9 eziqhelekileyo ngokusetyenziswa kwazo, ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda kangcono i-microscope kwaye ukhethe imveliso efanelekileyo.
- Imakroskopu yebhayoloji
Inxalenye ye-optical ye-biological microscope ibandakanya i-eyepieces kunye ne-lens lens. Ilensi yenjongo licandelo eliphambili le-microscope. Ezona njongo ziqhelekileyo zi-4x, 10x, 40x, kunye ne-100x, ezahlulahlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu: i-achromatic, i-semi-plan achromatic, kunye ne-plan achromatic. Iinkqubo ze-Optical zinokwahlulwa zibe ziinjongo ezinomda kunye neenjongo ezingapheliyo. Cwangcisa iinjongo ze-achromatic azikho iziphene kwinkalo yokujonga kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye neengcali zonyango. Intloko ye-microscope inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monocular, binocular and trinocular head. I-Binocular microscopes inokubona iisampulu ngamehlo amabini ngaxeshanye. Izixhobo zamehlo ezongezelelweyo ze-trinocular microscope zingancanyathiselwa kwiikhamera okanye kwi-eyepieces yedijithali ukubonisa imifanekiso, ukulinganisa kunye nokuhlalutya njengoko kufuneka kumsebenzi okanye uphando.
Iisampulu ezijongwa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka izilayidi zebhayoloji, iiseli zebhayoloji, ibhaktheriya kunye nenkcubeko yethishu, intlenga yolwelo. Imakroskopu yebhayoloji ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga, ukuxilongwa kunye nophando lwamadlozi, igazi, umchamo, ilindle, i-tumor cell pathology njalo njalo. Imakroskopu yebhayoloji nayo ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga izinto ezingafihliyo okanye eziguquguqukayo, umgubo kunye namasuntswana amahle, njl.
- Imakroskopu yeStereo
Iimakroskopu zestereo zisebenza ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezimbini zokukhanya kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo ukuvelisa umbono onamacala amathathu wesampulu ephantsi kwelensi, enokujongwa kwi-eyepieces ye-binocular. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-10x ukuya kwi-40x yokwandisa iyafumaneka, kwaye oku kwandisa okuphantsi, kudityaniswa nentsimi enkulu yokujonga kunye nomgama wokusebenza, kuvumela ukukhohlisa okungakumbi kwento ephantsi koqwalaselo. Kwizinto ezipaque, isebenzisa ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo ukujonga ngcono i-3D.
Iimakroskopu zestereo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ekwenzeni izinto ezinje ngeebhodi zeesekethe, i-electronics, isemiconductor kunye nophononongo lwebhotani nokufunda. Iimakroskopu zestereo nazo zinokusetyenziselwa imifuniselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nophando olufana nokufundisa kwezilwanyana, iintsana ezityhubhu zovavanyo kunye nenzululwazi yobomi.
I-Polarizing Microscope
I-Polarizing Microscopes zisebenzisa ukuguqulwa kokukhanya ukwandisa umahluko phakathi kwezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye noxinaniso phantsi kokwandiswa. Basebenzisa ukukhanya okudlulisiweyo kunye / okanye okubonakalisiweyo, okuhluzwa yi-polarizer kunye nokulawulwa ngumhlalutyi, ukugqamisa ukungafani kokuthungwa, ubuninzi, kunye nombala kwisampulu. Ngoko ke, zifanelekile ukujonga izinto ze-birefringent.
I-microscopes ye-polarizing ihlala isetyenziswa kwi-geology, i-petrology, i-chemistry kunye namanye amashishini amaninzi afanayo.
Imakroskopu yeMetallurgical
Imakroskopu zeMetallurgical ziimakroskopu ezinamandla kakhulu ezenzelwe ukujonga iisampuli ezingavumeli ukukhanya kudlule. Ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo kuqaqamba kwilensi yenjongo, ibonelela ngokwandiswa kwe50x, 100x, 200x, 500x, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokuba yi-1000x. Imakroskopu yeMetallographic isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-microstructure, i-micron-scale cracks, iingubo ezibhityileyo ezifana nepeyinti kunye nobukhulu beenkozo kwisinyithi.
Iimakroskopu zeMetallographic zisetyenziswa kumzi mveliso we-aerospace, ukuveliswa kweemoto, kunye neenkampani ezihlalutya izakhiwo zetsimbi, iimbumba, iglasi, iinkuni, iiseramics, iipolima, kunye neekristale zamanzi. Zisenokusetyenziselwa iimveliso ezinxulumeneyo kwishishini le-semiconductor kunye nokuhlolwa kunye nohlalutyo lweewafers.
Imakroskopu yeFluorescent
IMikroskopu eFluorescent ikhuphela ukukhanya kwiiseli ezidyojwe yidayi yefluorescent, ivumela iimpawu zeeseli ukuba zibonakale ngokucacileyo kunemicroscope eqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo. IiMicroscopes zeFluorescent zikwanovakalelo oluphezulu kwaye ziyakwazi ukubona umahluko ekuqaqambeni kunye nobude bamaza. Oku kwenza kube lula ukujonga iinkcukacha ezingenakubonwa ngeemicroscopes zokukhanya ezimhlophe eziqhelekileyo.
Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwibhayoloji kunye namayeza ukufunda iiproteni zeselula kunye nokuchonga ibhaktheriya kwizinto eziphilayo.
Imakroskopu yeGemological
Imakroskopu yeGemological yimakroskopu ethe nkqo ephindwe kabini yestereo eqhubekayo. Ukwandiswa okuqhelekileyo okusetyenziswayo ngamaxesha angama-10 ukuya kwangama-80. Ixhotyiswe ngomthombo wokukhanya osezantsi kunye nomthombo wokukhanya ongaphezulu, ikwaxhotyiswe ngokukhanya kwentsimi emnyama esetyenziswa kunye nomthombo wokukhanya osezantsi, i-diaphragm ehlengahlengiswayo kunye neziqeshana zelitye elinqabileyo. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqhube uphononongo lwemiba emininzi kunye nophando kumatye anqabileyo usebenzisa iindlela ezidlulisiweyo okanye ezibonakalisiweyo.
Isetyenziselwa ukujonga nokuvavanya amatye anqabileyo eentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye namabakala, kunye nokubeka ilitye, ukudibanisa kunye nokulungiswa.
Uthelekiso lweMicroscope
Iimicroscopes ezithelekisayo ziimicroscopes ezikhethekileyo, zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-forensic microscopes. Ayinayo nje impembelelo yokukhulisa i-microscope eqhelekileyo, kodwa iyakwazi ukujonga umfanekiso wento ekhohlo nasekunene kwiinkqubo zamehlo ngaxeshanye neseti yamehlo. Iyakwazi ukuthelekisa izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu nge-macroscopically okanye nge-microscopically ukuhlola, ukuhlalutya kunye nokuchonga iiyantlukwano zabo ezincinci kwifom, umbutho, isakhiwo, umbala okanye izinto ngokusebenzisa i-docking, ukusika, ukugqithiswa, ukujikeleza, njl. .
Esona sicelo siphambili solu didi lweemicroscopes ezimbini lulwaphulo-mthetho kunye ne-ballistics. Ziyeyona nto iphambili kwisayensi ye-forensic, nayo. Ezinye iinkalo zenzululwazi, kuquka i-paleontology kunye ne-archaeology, nazo zisebenzisa le microscopes ekhethekileyo.
Imakroskopu yeNdawo emnyama
Kukho ishidi elikhanyayo embindini we-condenser ye-darkfield microscope, ukwenzela ukuba ukukhanya kokukhanyisa kungangeni ngqo kwi-lens yenjongo, kwaye kuphela ukukhanya okubonakaliswe kunye nokuphazanyiswa ngumboniso ovunyelwe ukungena kwi-lens yenjongo, ngoko imvelaphi. yenkalo yokujonga imnyama, kwaye umphetho wento uqaqambile. Ukusebenzisa le microscope, i-microparticles encinci njenge-4-200 nm ingabonwa, kwaye isisombululo sinokuba ngamaxesha angama-50 aphezulu kunama-microscopes aqhelekileyo.
Ukukhanya kwe-Darkfield kulungele ngokukodwa ukubonisa iikhonto, imiphetho, imida kunye ne-refractive index gradients. Ukujongwa kwezinto ezincinci zasemanzini, i-diatoms, izinambuzane ezincinci, ithambo, iifayibha, iinwele, iibhaktheriya ezingangcoliswanga, igwele, iiseli zenkcubeko kunye neprotozoa.
Phase Contrast Microscope
Isigaba sokuchasana ngemakroskopu sisebenzisa i-diffraction kunye ne-interference phenomena yokukhanya ukuguqula umahluko wendlela yokukhanya okanye umahluko wesigaba sokukhanya okudlula kwisampulu ibe yimakroskopu yokwahlukana kwe-amplitude enokusonjululwa ngeliso lenyama. Umahluko phakathi kokukhanya kunye nobumnyama kwimifanekiso yezinto ezinoxinano olwahlukeneyo luphuculwe, olunokuthi lusetyenziswe ukujonga izakhiwo zeeseli ezingenabala. Isigaba sokuchasana semakroskopu sinokwahlulwa ngokwemakroskopu yesigaba esime nkqo kunye neemakroskopu zesigaba esiguquliweyo.
Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukulima kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwedlozi, iiseli eziphilayo kunye neebhaktheriya, kunye nokubonelela ngemisebenzi ekhethekileyo efana nokuqwalaselwa kwe-embryo morphology kunye nokwahlukana kwezigaba ze-embryo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba umxholo ongentla unokukunceda ukhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwe-microscope, ukuba unemibuzo, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-06-2022